Glucosamine HCl
Helps with any pain or discomfort related to arthritis
Main Functions
- • Glucosamine is an amino acid that help improve the synthesis of glycosaminoglans which are the primary building blocks of cartilage.
Chondroitin Sulfate
A special chemical that helps promote joint elasticity.
Main Functions
- • Allows for a rapid repair of the tissues and joint defects.
- • Helps with pain and improves with mobility.
Vitamin C
Antioxidant that reduces inflammation and cognitive aging.
Main Functions
- • Helps prevent oxidative damage.
- • Helps with overall health and performance.
Purfor MSM
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant for arthritis.
Main Functions
- • Helps protect cartilage.
- • Supports joint health.
KEY FINDINGS
According to this study the use of Glucosamine HCl and Chondroitin with either Vitamin C or Methyl Sulphonyl Methane (MSM) will reduce the hip joint density, allowing for more joint space.
Study: Study on the Influence of Nutraceuticals on Osteoarthritis in Dogs. Haasan I & Hebbal B* (2019) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(7), pp978-984
Participants: 12 osteoarthritic dogs (6 dogs were administered Vitamin C and 6 dogs were administered with MSM)
Duration: 90 days
Purpose: To evaluate the influence of Glucosamine HCl, Chondroitin Sulfate, Vitamin C and Purfor MSM on dogs.
Omega 3 Fish Oil
Helps with dog overall health, its most important aspects are heart health, osteoarthritis and skin and coat.
Main Functions
- • Helps improve osteoarthritis
Study: Evaluating Oxidative Stress, Serological- and Saematological Status of Dogs Suffering from Osteoarthritis, after Supplementing their Diet with Fish or Corn Oils. Barrouin-Melo S.M, Anturaniemi J, Sankari S, Griinari M, Atroshi F, Ounjaijean S & Hielm-Bjorkman A.K. 2016. Lipids and Health Disease. 15(1) pp139
Participants: 35 dogs used for the supplementation of fish oil.
Duration: 16 weeks
Purpose: To observe whether or not the omega-3 fatty acids will increase or decrease in the blood concentration.
Findings: Fish oil is rich in EPA*, DPA* and DHA*. This study shows how omega 3 fish oil taken orally will result in higher blood concentration of omega 3 fatty acids. This will target tissues through the bloodstream and help reduce oxidative damage.
EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid
DPA: Docosapentaenoic acid
DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid
Vitamin C
Antioxidant that reduces inflammation and cognitive aging.
Main Functions
- • Helps prevent oxidative damage.
- • Helps with overall health and performance.
Study: The effect of vitamin C supplementation in healthy dogs on antioxidative capacity and immune parameters. M. Hesta, C. Ottermans, S. Krammer-Lukas, J. Zentek, P. Hellweg, J. Buyse and G. P. J. Janssens. (2008) Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 5(3) pp99-105 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/abs/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00774.x
Participants: 15 healthy dogs
Duration: 35 days
Purpose: To determine the effect of vitamin C on antioxidative and immune system response in dogs.
Vitamin A
• Helps support vision
• Bone growth
• Builds strong immunity
Main Functions
- • Helps improve osteoarthritis
Study: Safety Evaluation of Vitamin A in Growing Dogs. P. Morris, J. Raila, C. Salt and T. Brenten. (2012)
The British Journal of Nutrition. 108(10):1-10
Participants: Miniature Schnauzer and Labrador Retriever
Duration: 52 weeks
Purpose: To determine the effect of vitamin A on bone mineral density and bone mineral content.
Findings: Although not a drastic effect, the administration of Vitamin A supplements will help
strengthen the bone mineral density and the bone mineral content of dogs over time
Folic Acid
Serves as a digestive aid
Main Functions
- • Helps build gastric mucosal tissue to help protect the intestine.
Study: Interventional Study of High Dose Folic Acid in Gastric Carcinogenesis in Beagles
S.D. Xiao, X. J. Meng, Y. Shi, Y. B. Hu, S. S. Zhu and C. W. Wang. (2002) BMJ Journals. 50(1): 61-64
Participants: 8 beagles with gastric cancer
Duration: 15 months
Purpose: To determine whether or not folic acid has an impact on gastric carcinogenesis in dogs.
Findings: Folic acid administered to beagles results in a higher concentration of folic acid in their serum and gastric mucosal tissues. In the control group, where no beagles were given folic acid, all eight beagles had gastric cancer. On the other note, the beagles in the folic acid treated group, only three out of eight beagles had gastric cancer. Thus, scientific studies show that administration of folic acid reduces the risks of dogs getting gastric cancer.
Biotin
Helps maintain connective body tissues, fur and metabolism.
Main Functions
- • Improves skin, coat and fur.
Study: Clinical Study on the Effect of Biotin on Skin Conditions in Dogs. M. Frigg, J. Schulze and L. Völker (1989) Department of Animal Nutrition and Health and Department of Vitamin and Nutrition Research of F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd., CH-4002 Basel. 131:621-625
Participants: 119 dogs
Duration: 5 weeks
Purpose: To show how biotin can improve symptoms of dull coat, brittle hair, hair loss, scaly skin, pruritus or dermatitis
Findings: Including biotin in your dog’s diet can help improve their skin and overall furcoat. According to this study, on average, 60% of dog owners have seen an improvement on their dogs coat in as little as 5 weeks.
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Helps with muscular fatigue.
Main Functions
- • Helps serve neurotransmitters to the brain
- • Deficiency in Vitamin B₅ could cause neurological dysfunction.
Study: Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence. A-L. Tardy, E. Pouteau, D. Marquez, C. Yilmaz and A. Scholey. (2020). MDPI Journal of Nutrients. 12(228): 1-35
Balanced Kollagen
Aids with general bone health, joint health and overall skin and coat.
Main Functions
- • Promotes healthy and silky coat.
- • Improves joint pain and osteoarthritis
- • Helps with overall mobilit
Study: Evaluation of the Effects of Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II) as Compared to Robenacoxib on the Mobility Impairment Induced by Osteoarthritis in Dogs. M. Stabile, R. Samarelli, P. Trerotoli, L. Fracassi, L. Lacitignola, A. Crovace and F. Staffieri. (2019) Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 6(3) pp99-105
Participants: 30 dogs with osteoarthritis
Duration: 30 days
Purpose: To determine whether or not folic acid has an impact on gastric carcinogenesis in dogs.
Findings: Dogs chosen for the study initially had a high LOAD* score. The higher the LOAD score represents severe pain whereas a lower LOAD score represents pre-clinical pain. Dogs who are diagnosed with osteoarthritis and intake collagen in their daily diets will see a decrease in LOAD score and also see improvement in their mobility movements.
LOAD: Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs
Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6789547/
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Helps with red blood cells and nervous system functions,
hormone regulation and energy metabolism.
Main Functions
- • Aids with weight loss in obese dogs and helps maintain lean muscle mass.
Study: Effect of a Leucine/Pyridoxine Nutraceutical on Caloric Intake and Body Composition of Obese Dogs Losing Weight. M. Murphy, J. W. Bartges, M. B. Zemel, C. A. Kirk and A. Witzel-Rollins. (2020) Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7:555
Participants: 21 dogs
Duration: 12 weeks
Purpose: To show the effect of pyridoxine supplements on the weight of obese dogs.
Findings: Studies show that incorporating pyridoxine in your dogs food will help obese dogs lose weight, whereas dogs that weigh within the ideal body weight range will maintain and gain little weight as they grow. This will help your dog maintain a overall healthy lifestyle.
Niacin
Aids with skin and coat as well as the overall growth of the dog. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Main Functions
- • Helps maintain adequate weight in dogs.
- • Prevents black tongue.
- • Prevents inflammation.
Study: Nicotinic Acid Deficiency Studies in Dogs. A. E. Schaefer, J. M. McKibbin and C. A. Elvehjem. (1942) J. Biol. Chem. 144:679-685
Duration: 80 days
Purpose: To show the effect of niacin supplements on the growth response in dogs.
Findings: Generally, niacin deficiency could cause weight loss, black tongue and inflammation in dogs. In this study, scientists proved that including niacin in a dog's diet can help them grow and gain weight.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Serves as an essential flavoprotein-enzyme that helps regulate cell metabolism.
Riboflavin deficiency can cause weakness in muscles, loss of appetite causing collapse and erythema.
Study: The Riboflavin Requirement of Adult Dogs at Maintenance is Greater than Previous Estimates J. L. Cline, R. A. Easter and J. Odle. (1996). Journal of Nutrition. 126(4): 984-8
Participants: 20 dogs
Purpose: To determine the trend of EGRAC with the increase of riboflavin concentration.
Findings: : With increasing concentration and intake of riboflavin, a overall trend of the EGRAC* decreases. This activity coefficient is used to determine the efficiency of riboflavin to support the enzyme function. The higher the coefficient results in a larger amount of unsaturated glutathione reductase which results in a lack of FAD. Thus, the lower concentration of EGRAC will reflect a higher amount of FAD.
*EGRAC: Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient
L-Theanine
Relieves stress and anxiety in loud environments.
Main Functions
- • Reduces symptoms of trembling, panting, escaping and yawning.
Study: Effectiveness of L-theanine and behavioral therapy in the treatment of noise phobias in dogs G.V Berteselli, M. Michelazzi, M. Minero and E. Cavallone (2010) Journal of Veterinary Behavior Clinical Applications and Research
Participants: 2 groups.
Group 1: Received behavioral therapy with administration of L-Theanine.
Group 2: Received behavioral therapy.
Duration: Time Span
1: Time interval between day 1 to day 21
2: Time interval between day 22 to day 42
3: Time interval between day 43 and 63
Findings: This study shows group 1 with behavioral therapy and the intake of L-Theanine and group 2 with behavioral therapy. The results conclude that group 1 has a lower mean score which results in dogs being more calm.
Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil
Helps with immune system, coat and overall health.
Main Functions
- • Helps with seasonal allergies & acts as a natural anti-inflammatory.
- • Helps relieve dry and itchy skin and moisturizes your dogs coat.
- • No hormones or any derivatives added to the oil.
Study: Double-blinded Crossover Study with Marine Oil Supplementation Containing High-dose Eicosapentaenoic Acid for the Treatment of Canine Pruritic Skin Disease Logas D & Kunkle G.A (1994) Veterinary Dermatology 5(3) pp99-105. http://vetfonds.lv/upload/PDF/Informacija/Omegas_LOGAS_j1365_31641994tb00020xevidenced.pdf
Participants: 16 dogs: 8 dogs diagnosed as flea allergic, 5 dogs atopic and 2 dogs idiopathic pruritus.
Duration: 15 weeks
Purpose: To determine whether or not folic acid has an impact on gastric carcinogenesis in dogs.
Findings: Dogs who were receiving marine oil supplements showed a massive improvement in pruritus, self-trauma and coat character.
Note: Fur scale parameters 0 = normal or absent of dry/itchy fur
Apple Cider Vinegar
Digestive aid that enhances the absorption of vitamins and minerals in food
Main Functions
- • Helps with overall digestive health, coat conditioning, helps with allergies, dental health and arthritis
Study: Apple Cider Vinegar as a Supplement for your Pets. K. Carr. (2014). Well Minded Blog.
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Important for a healthy nervous system, brain function and for the growth of blood cells.
Main Functions
- • Helps restore normocobalaminemia in dogs and maintain adequate serum cobalamin concentration.
Study: Oral Cobalamin Supplementation in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathies and Hypocobalaminemia L. Toresson, J.M. Steiner, J.S. Suchodolski, and T. Spillmann. (2016). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medecine. 30:101-107
Participants: 51 dogs
Purpose: To determine the change in serum cobalamin concentration before and after in dogs with hypocobalaminemia.
Findings: Among supplementation of cobalamin, all dogs at the end of the study became normocobalaminemic. Studies show initially the average of serum cobalamin concentration in dogs was approximately 223 ± 33 ng/L, whereas at the end of the study the serum concentration was approximately 1017 ± 460ng/L. The greater the cobalamin concentration
Vitamin D3
Helps regulate energy and metabolism
Main Functions
- • Plays an indirect role in bone growth and controls the amount of calcium in the intestine, bone, and kidneys.
Study: Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Dogs J.A. Cartwright, A.G. Gow, D. Drummond, S. Smith, I. Handel and R. J. Mellanby. (2018) Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 32(2) pp764-774
Participants: 6 dogs
Purpose: To determine in which non-skeletal tissue Vitamin D has the most tissue expression.
Findings: Dogs who consume Vitamin D3 in their diets will see an increase in VDR* along with increased expression accessed by IHD*. According to the scientific study, the highest VDR IHC scores were found in the kidney, duodenum (intestine), ileum, skin and spleen. In other words, Vitamin D helps control the amount of calcium both inside and outside of these tissues.
VDR: Vitamin D receptor
IHD: immunohistochemistry
Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5866978/
Yucca Schidigera
Naturally reduces joint inflammation & high in antioxidants to boost immune function and overall health.
Main Functions
- • Serves mainly as an inhibitor to reduce inflammation in tissues and prevents inflammation.
Study: Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of yucca schidigera: A review PR. Cheeke, S. Piacente and W. Oleszek. (2006) Journal of Inflammation. 3(6)
Purpose: To determine whether or not Yucca Schidigera inhibits nitric oxide synthase.
Findings: Nitric oxide is the main cause for pain and inflammation in tissues. Yucca Schidigera (yuccaols derivative) has the ability to inhibit iNOS* in tissues. Scientists have proven that with increasing concentrations of Yucca Schidigera will also cause an increase in nitric oxide inhibition respectively. This as a result will reduce inflammation in tissues.
iNOS: Nitric oxide synthase
Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1440857/
Passion Flower
Helps relax and calm your dog.
Main Functions
- • Serves as a relaxant for anxiety, hyperactivity, sleeplessness and restlessness.
Study: Veterinary Herbal Medicine: A Systems-Based Approach S. G. Wynn and B. J. Fougère. (2007). Veterinary Herbal Medecine. 291-409. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151902/
Thiamine Mononitrate
Essential nutrient in a dog's overall diet. It is a cofactor for carbohydrate metabolism, production of nucleotides and for the nervous system function.
Main Functions
- • Serves as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cognitive support.
Study: The Role of Thiamine and Effects of Deficiency in Dogs and Cats. Q.Y. Brown, J. M. Parr and A. Verbrugghe. (2017). Journal of Veterinary Sciences MDPI. 4(4):59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC5753639/
Ginger Root
Helps with nausea and anti-vomiting.
Main Functions
- • Serves as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cognitive support.
Study: Veterinary Herbal Medicine: A Systems-Based Approach S. G. Wynn and B. J. Fougère. (2007). Veterinary Herbal Medecine. 291-409. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151902/
Reference: R. Gollakner. VCA Animal Hospital. https://www.vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/ginger
Chamomile
Serves as a sedative, anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant.
Main Functions
- • Helps treat inflammation on skin and treat gastrointestinal problems
Study: : Interventional Study of High Dose Folic Acid in Gastric Carcinogenesis in Beagles S.D. Xiao, X. J. Meng, Y. Shi, Y. B. Hu, S. S. Zhu and C. W. Wang. (2002) BMJ Journals. 50(1): 61-64
Reference:Reference: R. Gollakner. VCA Animal Hospital. https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/chamomile